Rights

There are five inalienable natural rights that apply to at least the human species. The rights, in order of priority are:

1. The right to react

"Actioni contrariam semper et æqualem esse reactionem: sive corporum duorum actiones in se mutuo semper esse æquales et in partes contrarias dirigi." -Newton's 3rd law.

Using newton's third law of reciprocal actions and the universal fact that all living beings act and have reactions to an act, one can prove the naturality of one's right to do to another as that specific other has done to him/her. The reasons behind that other's actions, and whether he is successful do not matter at all. Whether it is to protect property or to damage it, when one person uses force against another, that other will have the full right to use equal and proportional force against the initiator.
If someone points a gun at me, I can point a gun at them. If he shoots first and kills me, he is guilty, and while society should not kill him if he does not resist capture (the violation is against me), he certainly should be punished, so long as he/she is proven not to be on the 'self-defense' side of the fight. If I fire my gun, unless I can prove he was going to pull the trigger, I will be the one in trouble. Again, the motives behind the actions do not matter.

2. The right to life and existence

Since one exists, and he is the only one who can sense his own conscience and ego, he has exclusive right to exist and be himself. Hence, nobody, and I do mean nobody, has the right to control another. However, by the first right, if someone attempts to take another's life, then that other (no one else), has the full right to do the same at any time and any place. Back to the point, since no one has the right to control another, no one can decide for another if they will live or not. It is a completely private and individual decision.

3. The right to liberty

One has to ask himself what the function of life in this universe is to actually understand this right completely. What does a cloud of molecules making transfers of electrons (conscience is only electrical impulses in the brain) do that a typical cloud of molecules doesn't? For starters, it exerts forces on itself that make it move where it wants to move. For that to happen, this cloud of molecules must make decisions and occasionally mistakes. It also must have desires. These traits differ between organisms: single cells also make decisions and have desires, however, they are at a more simplistic scale (food, water, mitosis).
From these universal traits shared by all living beings comes the right for individuals to make their own decisions.

4. The right to property

If each sentient being is itself, has a right to react, a right to life and liberty, then it must have exclusive ownership of things it manipulates to preserve itself: food, water, shelter, etc. Because property requires one to abide by another's rules, it is collectivist. Property extends to become an agreement within a group, that is beneficial for all members of that group.
Note that there is no single theory of property that can apply to all types of property, not even a synthesis. Contractual property works best for land ownership and maybe shelter, however, it does not work well for ALL property types. This is true for any and all theories: Rothbardian, Neo-lockean, Proudhonian, and the list goes on. If one looks into these theories, he can see how they might apply well for something, but not everything. Therefore, because objective propertarianism is arbitrary and can result in tyranny, only the people can and have got to, in the words of Brian, "work it out for themselves".

5. The right to pursue happiness

From all the rights derived above, derives the fifth right for one to pursue that which makes him happy. For in life, there is nothing else that has value, but happiness. Simple economics is in fact based on this right. For we subjectively value something by judging how much pleasure it will give now and/or in the future. That pleasure could be anything, from satisfying hunger, to looking good to other people, to euphoria. Therefore, every sentient being has the right to pursue that which brings it comfort and pleasure, so long as that pursuit does not prevent others from doing the same.

Quod erat demonstrandum